Classroom practices have undergone a complete transformation. Chalkboards are now relics of the past, desks no longer have to be arranged in neat rows, and many educators hold advanced degrees in specialised fields.
For students with developmental and learning challenges, the demand for technology in education is even more critical. Integrating technology into special education empowers these students to stay on pace with their classmates and gain the skills they need for future achievements. This article will explore why technology is vital in special education and how it’s being utilised effectively.
Types of Technology Used in Special Education
Today, a variety of assistive technologies are enhancing the educational experience for children with Special Education Needs and Disabilities (SEND). Some of these include:
1. Virtual Reality
Virtual reality (VR) is making significant strides in supporting autistic students. It provides immersive simulations of potentially stressful environments, such as busy hallways, school assemblies, and cafeterias. By experiencing these situations in a safe, virtual setting, students can build familiarity and learn to handle real-life scenarios with greater confidence and composure. VR also allows students with motor disabilities to interact with objects in ways that might be challenging in the physical world.
2. NOVA Chat
NOVA Chat is a specialized speech-generating device designed to assist students with reading disabilities. This tool integrates text-to-speech technology to read text aloud and converts spoken words into written text on the screen, aiding those who struggle with traditional reading and writing tasks.
3. DynaVox xPress
The DynaVox xPress is a portable augmentative communication device that aids students in enhancing reading fluency and refining their speech patterns and pronunciation. By combining text with images, the device helps users express themselves more effectively and expands their vocabulary, making communication more accessible and intuitive.
4. Read 180
Read 180 is tailored for students with reading disabilities, offering a personalized learning experience. The software allows educators to create individualized learning plans, set specific fluency goals and monitor progress over time. This adaptive approach helps students build their reading skills at their own pace, ensuring they receive the support they need to succeed.
5. Tablets/Handheld Touchscreen Computers
Tablets and handheld touchscreen devices are versatile tools that support various learning needs. They are beneficial for visual learning, reading, drawing, and multimedia activities. For students with motor impairments, these devices can improve coordination, while text-to-speech apps assist those with reading disabilities by converting written text into spoken words. Additionally, students with autism often engage positively with these devices, as many apps are specifically designed to cater to their unique learning needs.
6. MangoMon
MangoMon offers interactive lessons in reading and math, providing customized instruction and support for each student. The software includes features that allow parents to monitor their child’s learning progress, making it easier to track development and ensure that educational goals are being met.
Challenges in Introducing Technology Into Learning
When integrating technology into education for students with special needs, it’s essential to address specific challenges. Here’s a breakdown of considerations for different types of needs:
1. Mild Cognitive Challenges (MCC)
- Reading: Use text-to-speech software and interactive storybooks to enhance comprehension.
- Writing: Employ voice recognition and word prediction tools to facilitate writing tasks.
- Mathematics: Incorporate graphing software, educational drills, games, and tutorials to support math learning.
2. Moderate to Severe Cognitive Challenges (MSCC)
- Functional Skills: Select software that focuses on practical skills, such as managing daily interactions and money handling. Video and audio platforms can be used to enhance functional behaviours, which may eventually support integration into community settings.
3. Physical Challenges
- Assistive Tools: Utilize equipment tailored to specific physical disabilities, such as large wireless mice, joysticks, rollerballs, mobile lap tables, adjustable height chairs, and eye/hand controls to accommodate various physical needs.
4. Sensory Challenges
Assistive Technologies: Implement text-to-braille devices, screen readers, screen magnifiers with built-in magnification controls, and FM amplification systems to support students with sensory impairments.
How Technology Helps
The central aim of integrating technology into special education is to customize learning experiences according to each student’s individual needs and learning preferences. This strategy is designed to:
- Promote Greater Independence: Allowing students to engage in learning activities more independently.
- Reduce Anxiety: Alleviating the stress associated with traditional educational settings.
- Enhance Connection: Facilitating better interactions with classmates and peers.
- Support Effective Communication: Encouraging more natural and comfortable forms of communication.
- Boost Academic Performance: Improving educational outcomes and achievement levels.
A notable example of this approach in action is the Bartholomew Consolidated School Corporation in Columbus, Indiana. With approximately 12,000 students, this district has seen significant benefits from incorporating technology into its special education programs. According to a U.S. Department of Education report, students who were initially hesitant to participate in face-to-face interactions became more engaged in online class discussions. By implementing a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) strategy—which includes digital books, specialized software, websites, and text-to-speech tools—the district achieved a 22% increase in graduation rates for special education students.
Potential Limitations of Technology in Special Education
While many of these technological innovations are designed to be user-friendly, their implementation in the classroom can present challenges. Teachers may encounter a learning curve as they become acquainted with new tools and applications, and they need to effectively demonstrate their use to special education students. Additionally, with internet-enabled devices, there’s a risk that students’ attention could be diverted to unrelated websites or applications, potentially disrupting their focus on coursework.
